The Citadel of
Saiva Siddhantha and Ceylonese Scholars
N.Nandhivarman
The French India
had attracted steady stream of scholars, though the names of Aurobindo and
Bharathiar are popular, still there remain many who have to come to light. The
Ceylonese connections to Pondicherry and the scholars of Saiva Siddhantha who
landed here in pursuit of knowledge is one field that has to be researched
further. Srilanka was then known as Ceylon and from Jafna Pandit Thenkovai
S.Kandiah Pillai landed in Pondicherry and edited a weekly on Saiva Siddhantha.
“Vittagam” which means the mind of the seed brought out for 3 years from
30.11.1933 was priced “one anna” which carried the title in French along with
Tamil. Apart from the philosophical editorials, which formed a major part of
the 8 page weekly publication, there is much news about the socio political
situation of those times.
The Assembly of
French India known as Conseil General was inaugurated on
25.11.1933 around 4 PM in the Municipal buildings amidst huge attendance by
people. The French Governor George Bourret in his inaugural speech lamented at
the lack of adequate education to the children from 6 to 13 years and urged the
members of the assembly to improve the infrastructure of school education. He expressed grave concern over the total
neglect of Tamils in learning their mother tongue and in imparting education to
their children in Tamil. George Bourret stressed that Tamil medium of
instruction must be made compulsorily and higher education in Tamil must be improved.
He felt that degrees should be conferred on students of Tamil medium on par
with those who learn French. He also stressed the need to encourage private
educational institutions. “ The foresight of the French Governor is laudable
and his advice is applicable even for present days” opines Dr.Ira.Thirumurugan
of Tamil Development Action Group, a private initiative of Tamil scholars in
the Union Territory.
After the French
governor’s speech election to the new assembly members took place. Advocate
Chellan Naicker was chosen President. Mr.Thiagaraja Pillai of Karaikal and Mr.
Sadhu Charan Mukkerjee of Chandranagore were elected as Vice Presidents. Mr.
Balasubramania Pillai, Advocate Perumal Naicker and Selvarasu Chettiar were
chosen as Secretaries. Mr.Balasubramania Pillai, Mr. Thanaraja Pillai, Mr.
Yubert de Rozario, Mr.Henry Gaeble, Mr. Gnanou Thiagou, Mr. Joseph Laporte, Mr.
Ramachandra Naicker, Mr. Sambasivam Chettiar, Mr. Veera Pillai were chosen
members of the Economic Committee. “ Vittagam” apart from detailing this
historical event also places on record that a Report of the Commission on
Colonies (Rapport de la commission coloniale) was tabled in the assembly
by Mr. Joseph Laporte.
This journal
propagated the Thirumoolar School of Yoga. Thirumoolar it was believed lived
for 3000 years and wrote one poem every year, which is called as “Thirumoolam”
These treatises were focus of scholarly debate of those days when people felt
that yoga is a way to gain longer life on earth. English bard Mathew Arnold
wrote the poem Scholar gypsy in which he said gypsies possessed the knowledge
to live beyond 200 or 300 years. Saint Vallalar believed that human body could
transform into a body of light and vanish in the air and get lost in the
vacuum. “Vittagam” and its writers were of the view that with the body they can
attain divinity and stated that it was the True Attainment of Salvation. “ Unmai
Mukhthi Nilai ” written by Pandit Thenkovai S.Kandiah Pillai expounds this
theory in detail. The journal Vittagam went to India (British), Burma and
Ceylon. The annual subscription was rupees 3, while for Malaya, Singapore and
Saigon the annual rate was Rupees 4. A letter from a Teacher of Saint Johns
College Jafna dated 18.1.1934 the reader S.G.Arulanandha said “ Your articles
are very stimulating of thought and action. I am a fervent Christian and you
are to me interpreting truly the life of my lord and Master Jesus.” In every
week from the letters to the editor published it becomes clear that this
magazine left a deep imprint in Ceylon, Tamil Nadu, Malaya, Saigon and Burma.
The publisher of
this philosophical weekly Mr.R.Nagaratnam
was among the few nationalists who were with Aurobindo Ghosh in his
initial years of the stay in Pondicherry. During the year 1923 the Inmates of
Ashram as published by M.P.Pandit in the book “ Champaklal Treasures”
are Rajangam, Tirupati, Khitish, Nolinda, Satyen, Kanai, Bejoy, Purani and
Nagaratnam (a local devotee). Also in the picture are Punamchand, Champaben,
Mrs.Kothandaraman, Mr.Kothandaraman, Champaklal, Moni, Amrita and Manmohan. Late
R.Nagaratnam Pillai born in 9.05.1899 and passed away on 26.11.1992 in his 93
rd year. The nationalist who went on secret missions to bring freedom fighters
to Pondicherry and who offered asylum in his house was detained by the British
Police at Tindivanam and was in prison for 15 days from 25.12.1925.He
headed an agency R.Nagarathinam Pillai and Brother importing Austin and Ford Cars in French
India. Also he was a Correspondent for Illustrated Weekly of India in French
India and agent for Dinamani and Indian Express. Vittagam Press that
brought out many books from its premises situated at2 & 4 Ambalathadum Iyer
Madam Street. Those houses had been a place frequented by Mahakavi Bharathiar,
Lalalajpat Rai, Chitaranjan Das, V.V.S.Iyer, Neelakanta Brahmachari,
Suthanandha Bharathiar, Maraimalai Adigal and many scholars of Saiva Siddantha
School.“The Saivite school and scholars of that ideology with various “siddhar
peedams” around Pondicherry are fresh areas for further research”
opines Dr.N.Sengamala Thayar, the daughter of R.Nagaratnam currently in charge
of Bharathiar Museum at Pondicherry.
Courtesy : NEW INDIAN EXPRESS : 27th November 2004
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