THE DRAVIDIAN CIVILIZATION

Paper presented at the National Seminar on The Indus Valley : A Review of Recent Research organized by the Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture on 28.9.2003 at the Chief Secretariat Conference Hall and inaugurated by the Pondicherry Education Minister K.Lakshminarayanan and Presided by Dr.Pa.Maruthanayagam, Director of PILC.

IS INDUS VALLEY THE CRADLE OR CATACOMB OF THE DRAVIDIAN CIVILIZATION?

Na.Nandhivarman General Secretary Dravida Peravai

  Humanity is engaged in an endless quest to unravel the mysteries of Nature. The origin of the human race, the original homeland of the first human being, the first civilization on earth, the birth of the language and its multiciplity and the puzzles of continental drifts, sea floor spreading, etc are some of the fields wherein new evidences are coming out every now and that which makes such a quest towards truth a must for proper construction of the history of the human race. The greatness of the Indus Valley Civilization and various clues that it provides to discover the first civilization on earth needs to be evaluated in the context of changing needs of our times, wherein claims and counter claims or even doctored claims are made to establish the Dravidian or the otherwise content of that civilization.

 In India Sir John Marshall deserves the credit to be the first scholar to suggest that the language of the Indus Valley civilization was Dravidian. Piero Meriggi in his book “ Zur_Indus Scrift “ (which means On the Indus Script) written in the German language was of the opinion that Brahui, spoken even now in Balochistan, is the Dravidian Language which must be the original language of the Harappans. Henry Heras in his book “ Studies in Proto-Mediterranean Culture “turned more than 1800 Indus texts into Proto-Dravidian sentences. In their book “Proto-Indica: 1979,Report on the investigation of the proto-Indian texts by Yu.V.Knorozov, M.F.Ali Bedil and B.Ya.Volchok have carried out a computer analysis of sign distribution in the Indus texts and had proven beyond an iota of doubt that it belonged to the Dravidian language family. David W.McAlphin in his book “Proto-Elamo-Dravidian and F.C.Southward in his book “The Reconstruction of Prehistoric South Asia language contact” had successfully used the Dravidian roots to reconstruct the language of the Indus Valley. As Dr.Mathivanan had too proven that the Indus script is Dravidian, there is no necessity to question the collective wisdom of all these scholars, yet there are schools of thought, which want to deny the Dravidian roots of the Indus Valley civilization.

Let me quote elaborately from Professor Irafan Habib, who puts up a strong case for the Dravidian family language.“ The Dravidian languages constitute the second largest family in India. Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada belong to the Southern group, Telugu (in Andhra) and Gondi (in widely scattered pockets of Madya Pradesh) to the South Central, Kolami (in Maharastra) to the Central, Kurukh (in Jharkand, Chattisgarh and Nepal) and Brahui (Baluchistan) to the Northern. There are also many minor languages attached to these different groups. Tamil has the longest literary history going back at least to the first century B.C By comparing the vocabularies and grammar of these languages, a hypothetical Proto-Dravidian language can be reconstructed, which, it is assumed, must have been spoken before the speakers of the Dravidian languages separated from each other. The use of certain retroflex sounds (such as hard l, n, r, rh, the tongue having to curl back just under the hard palate in order to pronounce them) is one of the most common traits in the Dravidian languages, while such retroflexion is absent in both Austro-Asiatic and Indo-European languages spoken outside the Indian sub continent. It is therefore a reasonable conjecture that it is Proto-Dravidian or its early successors, from which the Austro-Asiatic and Indo-Aryan languages derive their retroflex consonants. This inference has many consequences. Retroflexion as well as a few words (more than 2 dozen) of possible Dravidian origin are present in the Rigveda. Since retroflexion is totally absent in the Avesta, the earliest Iranian Text, which is very close to Rigveda in vocabulary and grammar, one must assume that Rigveda reciters introduced retroflexion in pronunciation of even the most impeccable Indo_Iranian words, under the influence of the pronunciation of the speakers of the earlier local languages. Since the Rigvedic hymns were composed in the area between the Hindukush and the Ganga, this makes it very likely that some of the substrata languages of Punjab or Upper Indus basin at the time were members of the Dravidian family.  The likelihood is increased by the geographical proximity of the Brahui language, whose speakers are today to be found in northeastern Baluchistan, not far from Punjab.Brahui’s own case for antiquity has been strengthened by David MacAlphins discovery of the links between Elamite.Similarly connections have been seen between Proto-Dravidian and the Uralic languages of Eastern Europe and Siberia, and this would also suggest that there were once Dravidian speakers in latitudes much further to the north than today. There are strong hints towards linking the official Indus language to the Dravidian family”, says Irfan Habib.

Shareen Ratnagar in her book “Understanding Harrappa Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley says “Harrappan language was probably agglutinative or a language which added suffixes to an unchanging root. This feature is characteristic of the   Dravidian language family than the Indo-Aryan text; the rgveda shows Dravidian influence (indicating that early Indo-Aryans had some contact with Dravidian speakers) make it likely that the language of the Harrappans was a Dravidian one. (Note, also, that Brahui, spoken in the hills of southeastern Baluchistan is a Dravidian language)

It will be of great interest to note that Ainul Hag Faridkoti in his book “ Urdu zaban ki Qadeem Tareekh (Urdu: The History of ancient Urdu) and in ‘Pre-Aryan origin of Pakistani languages: A monograph” claims that the first languages of the present day Pakistan are Dravidian.

Bertil Tikkanen “On Burushaski and other Ancient substrata in the north western   South Asia” asserts that Pakistani languages have a Dravidian substratum. The evidence for the presence of the substratum is the presence of retroflex consonants which do not exists in Iranian or European members of the Indo European family of languages.

Iravatham Mahadevan’s book:” The Indus script texts, concordance and tables “ helps in deciphering the Indus script, some claim.. Sathur Sekaran’s valuable contribution in proving that Indus script is Dravidian also deserves special mention. Dr.N.Mahalingam in his article in the book” Ancient India “ observes thus: “though eminent scholars like Heras, Parpola, Kamil Zvelebil, FairServices and Mahadevan have already clearly established that the Indus valley script has to be read only as a Dravidian language, it is the decipherment of the script of the Indus by Dr. M Ramachandran and Dr.R.Madhivanan which is the first cogent and systematic effort which can be stated as the test of vigorous scholarship’

In another scholarly analysis by M. Sundar Raj in his article Tamil Grammer Rules (Tholkappiam) a new truth emerges. He lists the Gods found in Rigveda as 33 gods, and gives a break up. Adityas 12, Vasus 8. Rudras 11, Vasatkara 1, Prajapathi1,so totaling 33. The assertion of Rigveda to restrict the number of gods to 33 baffles M.Sundar Raj, which goes into the question of the rationale of this particular scheme of classification. He refers the Tamil Grammar Tholkappiam particularly on alphabets and finds those 33 letters in Tamil script to be the clue for this particular scheme of classification of 33 gods in Rigveda. 12 Vowels, 18 consonants, 1 Aidham, I Kutrialugaram, 1 Kutrialigaram together makes to the 33 letters. This is a marvelous new line open for research. M.Sundar Raj’s views need further deeper consideration. “ At first stage of impact between the highly developed Dravidian civilization and the nomadic and vigorous Aryan people, a process of civilization of the latter took place, as elsewhere, leading to the birth of Sanskrit language and the evolution of Sanskrit literary conventions from the Dravidian base. The first result was the coming into being of a mixed language, which we today call Sanskrit. The material for the literary compositions in this language were taken from the culture of the teachers, who obviously were Dravidians, and who found in this process a convenient and secretive way of preserving their culture with a key only known to themselves. These early compositions must have been the work of small groups or schools, working in conclaves independently, but with the same inherited material. Long afterwards an attempt appears to have been made to bring together and systematize the whole material, whence the Vedas, as we know now emerged. But by this time the Dravidian origin of the language and culture was forgotten, not merely due to the lapse of time, but also apparently as an outcome of cultural elimination. Thus the key to the puzzle has remained lost now”, opines M.Sundarraj.

The admixtures and adulterations carried out in the languages of the invaders and the subdued indigenous people needs a specialized study to establish the origins of many concepts including the Godhood. An impartial enquiry will bring to light which are the Dravidian or Aryan origins of many social customs, religious practices and literary products including grammar, and unless an unbiased attempt is made in search of truth fabricated truths will rule the roost. It is true that cultural elimination had left a deep adverse impact on the Tamil literary history. The burning away of palm-leaf inscriptions in Bogi fire, and the habit of throwing Tamil texts in Adi-perukku are designed well to serve the process of cultural elimination well, thereby Tamils lost numerous texts which could have been of greater help in reconstruction of the literary and other history. In this age of Netizens , Tamil citizens of various countries are engaged in preserving the palm leaf texts as digital texts, and of particular mention is that of Mr.Na.Kannan who resides in Germany ( tamilheritage.org ). In Karnataka and in Orissa there are many stone inscriptions and cave paintings which have to be deciphered, and like U.V.Swaminatha Iyer if many Tamilians look for Tamil Manuscripts from Museums and other places all over the world , lot of hidden history could be unraveled.

So far we have seen the opinion of various scholars who firmly held that the text and language of the Indus script is Dravidian. But there is a school, which is hell bent upon denying anything about “ Dravidian “ and they call it as a British conspiracy to divide and rule such Aryan invasion theories were invented, forgetting their own rigvedic hymns. In nutshell this is what that school goes on shouting from all possible platforms. Why so? Let me quote John Hinnells and Eric Sharpe from their book “ Hinduism “ which will reveal the designs of these cultural eliminators.” Until the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization, the development of literature and culture in India was always credited to the Aryans. In 1920 archaeologists announced the discovery of extensive urban ruins in the Indus valley, which predated earliest archaeological sources and this caused scholars to reexamine their views on the different phases of Indian culture. The Rig Veda that speaks in such derogatory terms of the enemies subdued from by the Aryan tribes, gives the impression that they were all savage barbarians. “

There is another scholar who speaks about the conspiracy not of the British but of the nomadic invaders. “ The Brahmins for centuries have degraded the original inhabitants of India with the intention of self elevation, preservation and oppression. These ancient dwellers in India were Dravidians, and in fact, their culture had developed a highly sophisticated way of life. The existence of Brahui tribe in Baluchistan to the west of Indus, who speak a Dravidian language like South Indian Tamil, gives the evidence that a migration of people or culture did occur. Also the Harrappan religion shows many similarities with the elements of Hinduism, which are especially popular in the present Dravidian culture. “ (A.L.Basham in The Wonder that was India p 27)

However in pursuance of an attempt to systematically bury the truth an assertion began to be widely made that the Indus Valley civilization was not only Aryan, but also Vedic or even post-vedic.” Some professional archaeologists have embraced this view, though it might be contrary to what they had held earlier. The basic argument advanced by this school is that the main features of the Indus Civilization are quite consistent with those of the society and culture inferable from the rig veda.” Irfan Habib smashes all these assumptions put forward as arguments that make no sense. “ We shall consider the question of the reconcibility of the Rig veda, with what we know of the Indus valley civilization. Since the Rigveda is preeminently a religious text, consisting mainly of hymns to deities, the crucial area of comparison must be religious one. What the seals and copper amulets tell us is that the Indus deities were mostly zoomorphic, represented by the various animals, the most prominent animal being the Unicorn, the mythical one horned humpless bull, other animals include the bison, elephant, humped bull and rhinoceros, in the order of the frequency of the occurrence. The great rigvedic deities are however, practically all anthrophormic in conception (that is idealized human or superhuman forms) and zoomorphism is practically absent. Sarama is a dog like female deity in the late rigvedic hymn, but even here the contrast continues. The Indus seals give no evidence of a similar canine deity (nor is the dog itself pictured on the seals). We may note that the cow so highly priced in the Rigveda and at least at one place deified, is not at all shown on the seals, where the honour belongs to the bull alone. The horse and the camel, sought in gifts by the rigvedic seers, are absolutely absent from these seals. On the other hand, the rigveda shows no perception of the mythical unicorn, or assign any sanctity to the animals like the elephant, rhinoceros or tiger. The rigveda has nothing similar to the composite animals (tigers body, bulls horn, elephant trunks, for sample) on the Indus seals. Among the Indus day figurines found in private houses, representations of the Mother Goddess are particularly numerous. The rigveda has no female deity that is either as prominent or similarly linked to any fertility cult. There is no rigvedic goddess either, who has the body of a tiger, as an Indus cylinder seal. The lack of similarity continues when one considering the ways of disposing the dead. The Indus people buried their dead and there is no evidence at all of cremation. The rigveda on the other hand, recognizes cremation as the principal method, using the word non cremation (an-agnidaghal) for burial.”

Whatever logic is there in these argument, the sadists who want to deny Dravidian people of anything that is great, continue their single point agenda to spread untruths. The Discover Magazine in the following beautiful words describes the greatness of the Dravidian civilization. “ No golden tomb, no fancy ziggurats. Four thousand years ago city builders in the Indus valley made deals, not war, and created a stable, peaceful and prosperous culture. Neither Vedas nor the Bible made any mention of this magnificent civilization. Yet they were a highly organized and stupendously successful civilization. They built some of the worlds first written languages, and thrived in an area twice the size of Egypt and Mesopotamia for 700 years. “

Well we have to look at the way Indus came to be associated with this civilization. “ Harappa, in Sahiwel District of West Punjab, Pakistan had long been known to archaeologists as an extensive site on the Ravi river, but its significance as a major city of an early great civilization remained unrecognized until the discovery of Mohenja daro near the banks of the Indus, in the Larkana District of Sindh by R.D.Banerjee in 1922. Sir John Marshall, the then Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India used the term Indus civilization for the culture discovered at harappa and mohenja daro, a term doubly apt because of the geographical context implied in the name Indus and the presence of cities implied in the world civilization.” Says Irfan habib in his book the Indus Valley Civilization “p 16.

In spite of the fact that this civilization is known as Indus because of the geography and is called as Dravidian because of the language and culture, yet the cultural eliminators are for centuries at pains to remove all traces of Dravidian content or to be more specific, the indigenous people’s greatness, whose culture they had taken over by way of admixture and adulteration.

In 1893 V.Warren, an American wrote the book “ The Paradise found or the Cradle of Human race at the North Pole. Heavily adopting the views put forth in that book Balagangadhara Tilak wrote a book ‘The Artic home of Vedas’. He and other of his school of thought, till date are burning midnight oil to aryanize a Dravidian culture. In Ukraine during 1966 Yu Kanygin brought out his book “ The Path of the Aryans: The role of Ukraine in the spiritual History of Mankind”. This book says that Rama’s birthplace is not Ayodya but near the Driper river. It says Rama is from a tribe known as Druid. It will be of interest to know that Rama, whether a ruler or mythological hero, is a Dravidian born in the tribe of Druids near the Driper River. While such etymological similarities drive home a picture, the cultural eliminators have now started to claim that the word Brahman has got its roots in Abraham. Abraham becomes Brahman. If that were so Christians and Hindus have common origin, and the propaganda of hate has no rational basis.

In Russia a book G.Grinevich released Praslavyanskaya Pismenmost in 1993. In that book he claims to have deciphered the Indus script and according to him it belongs to the Slavs. The language spoken by the people of Indus valley is Slav, he goes on. He even claims that the word Russia has its etymological roots in Sanskrit. Russ denotes white people and from such Sanskrit word Russia came, he says. He further adds that Motcham (Heaven) is the root for the name of the city of Moscow. All these planned propaganda apart, now we are facing with a situation wherein the Indus valley civilization is being renamed or rechristianed, in order to sustain the untruth that it is not Dravidian.

“It has often been suggested that this was the civilization of the Saraswati river, not the Indus. Vedic literature gives importance to a river known as the Saraswati which it said, flowed from north east towards the lower Indus Valley through what are now provinces of Haryana, North Rajasthan and Bahawalpur, and is identified by the mostly dry river bed that is known as Ghagger in India and further downstream in Pakistan, as the Hakra. It has been said that there are several relic mounds of the period (khalibangan for example) spread along the banks of the Saraswathi river system, more sites than the alluvial valley of the Indus. Thus it has been claimed that what we have here is saraswathi rather than Indus civilzation”

This is the argument put forth by those who want to name it as Saraswathi civilization. Shareen Rat agar points out the difficulties in accepting this hypothesis. “ First fewer Harrappan sites lie along the banks of Ghaggar-Hakra than is made out. Second there is no proof at all that the mighty sarasvati of the Rigveda was in fact this (now dry) river- the identification is itself open to doubt. Third when active the Ghaggar-Hakra was in any case a tributary to the Indus. Last, the term Saraswati conjures up a kind of identity between the culture reflected in the Vedic literature and that excavated at harappan sites when, in fact there is hardly any correspondence. The label Saraswathi for all reasons, is difficult to defend on scholarly grounds “ (p7 Understanding Harappa Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley)

Irfan habib says, “ The Indus basin includes the area along the Saraswathi, a small seasonal river, so that coupling of saraswathi with the Indus (Sindhu) has no geographical justification”

Dr.R.Madhivanan says that his researches in  Rajasthan and Gujarat revealed that the local people refer the dead and missing river as “Quari kanya “. Quari became Gowri in Sanskrit and in Punjabi the word Gaur added as suffix, are all derived from Kumari, and the Tamil settlers not forgetting their origin had named this river as Kumari Kanya, after  Kanya kumari, and thereby the so called Saraswathi river’s name is Kanya Kumari river named from Tamil sources.. He also says in Saurastra, the Tamil settlers have named another river as Kaveri. He also says that if at all a mythical river Saraswathi had existed it flowed only in Afghanistan and not in India. The dreams of those who want to change the name of Indus into Saraswathi will receive the quake like hit and be smashed beyond redemption, putting an end to their futile exercise in renaming a globally known civilization.

Well apart from archaeology in land now a new research is being made out in underwater archaeology. The National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, last year unknowingly photographed the ruins of a vast ancient city submerged 40 m under the sea, while they took sonar photographs of the ocean floor. More dredging of the site brought out roughly 2000 artifacts, which were examined by the Birbal Shani Institute of Palebotany in Lucknow and National Geographic Research Institute in Hyderabad. BSIP dated all the artifacts to be around 5500 BC and NGRI pushed the date back to 7500 BC. This discovery must have woken up the Dravidian people, especially the Tamils whose literary evidences prove that the origins of Tamils lay in Kumarikandam, the lost continent in the Indian Ocean. If lost cities could be found in Gulf of Cambay off the Gujarat coast, why not we search for the lost continent of Kumarikandam, the homeland of the Dravidians. In Bangalore an exhibition of the artifacts found from Gulf of Cambay and our Poompuhar were displayed. Video pictures taken in underwater were shown, and to our delight the the scientist Graham Cook said that Poompuhar had been submerged before 9500 years, thus even prior to Gulf of Cambay, our Poompuhar had a civilization dating back to 9500 years. These discoveries, which had taken place last year, are of great importance in our Review of the Recent Discoveries on Indus Civilization. Indus valley is only the catacomb of the Dravidian civilization as the destruction spoken in rigvedic hymns are to be believed. Instead the cradle of the Dravidian civilization is in Kumari kandam, otherwise called as Lemurian continent and Gondwana land.

Now that leads us to a multi pronged research approach. Because quest towards truth is a must. In a show in the National Geographical Channel titled the Journey of Man an answer was given, which gives us light on the direction to be pursued. “ So far our way of investigating our ancestry has been to dig up ancient civilizations. Yet bones do not answer the question of evolution, but genes do,” said scientist Spencer Wells. “ So we started mapping of a family tree of the entire planet taking blood samples from every part of the world. We worked backwards, through elimination and matching, and found that it was a strain of the sangene that was most common across the planet. Every person on earth is part of a connected family, scientists say with certainty, delivering blow to those who claim superiority by race and birth. The mapping of International rice Genome Sequencing project follows mapping of human genes. In such scientific quests, interesting information trickles down. The estimated gene in a human being lies between 30,000 to 40,000 whereas Indica rice contains 45,000 to 56,000 genes. Japanica Rice contains 63,000 genes. Man and mouse are cousins, each descended from a small mammal that split into species towards the end of dinosaur era. Despite 75 million years of separate evolution only about 300 genes, 1 % of the 30,000 possessed by the mouse have no obvious counterpart in the human genome, says Nature Magazine. Taking the cue from these scientific quests, I feel that there is a strong necessity for mapping all the worlds’ languages. Of course UNESCO had brought out Atlases and strives hard to redeem endangered languages. 18 countries make an attempt together in a Universal Network Language project, aimed at using computers to demolish the Tower of Babel. The purpose behind this project is of course trade promotion by way of making translations easy and faster. But I feel that to understand the etymology of every word spoken in every language living or dear a globalized attempt should be made by UNESO or the Universities of the nations in partnership to harness their common knowledge to track down the etymology of every word spoken. It is quest undertaken by the Greatest Tamilian of the past century Devaneya Paavanar and his approach needs scientific sanction and pooling of the worlds knowledge to arrive at the cultural and linguistic roots including the Primitive language of the Mankind.

Already scientists are engaged in the quest and had succeeded initially. Mr.Wolfgang Enand of Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany in the Nature Magazine dated 14 th August 2002 states proudly that “First language gene is discovered. Scientists think they have found the first of the many genes that gave humans speech. Without it language and human culture may never had developed. Key changes to a gene in the last 2,00,000 years of human evolution appear to be the driving force. The gene FOXP2, was first definitely linked with human knowledge.” Having found the first gene that gave humans speech, the quest towards tracing the first language spoken by man had gained impetus. Meanwhile treading the path laid down by Deveneya Paavanar, Dr.R.Mathivanan opines that a new approach called language archaeology ,be used to trace the roots of various words spoken in various languages which have common root from the Primitive language.

Dr. Robert Caldwell’s Comparative Grammar of Dravidian Languages published in 1856 is still hailed as a remarkable turning point in tracing the glorious past, yet even after so many decades, no serious attempt is being made to update this with all the information we have, extending to all the languages of the Dravidian family, including ones spoken in Pakistan and Northern India. Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture, International school of Dravidian Linguistics at  Thiruvananthapuram, Dravidian University at Kuppam in Andhra Pradesh and International Institute of Tamil studies at Chennai must join hands to produce an updated Grammar on Dravidian Linguistics, which must cover other Dravidian family of languages spread all over the world. This will be of great help in establishing the claim of Tamil as the primary classical language.

The Tamil epic Silapathigaram provides us with the literary evidence about the deluge that washed away a landmass in the Indian Ocean. Mr. James Churchward by studying various ancient texts, it is claimed, had discovered the existence of a long lost continent with an advanced civilization that 60,000 years ago had sunk below the Pacific Ocean after a cataclysmic earthquake. There were 64 million people who died in the sinking, and that is dated back over 50,000 years. The Hawaiian Islands and the Pacific islands are the remaining mountain peaks of the lost continent. Well if Mr. James Churhward’s literary evidence cannot be brushed aside,  we cannot also brush aside the Silapathikaram couplet. If a detailed study is conducted in Hawaii and Pacific islands perhaps we may be able to know about the lost continent, the homeland of Tamils. Lemuria is otherwise called Pacifica or Mu. James Churchward in his book “ The Lost continent of Mu” maintains that” vast knowledge of science, ancient art and history, mythology and occult” existed in the lost continent of Lemuria. “ The garden of Eden was not in Asia but now on a sunken continent in the Pacific ocean,” he proclaims and adds “ The biblical story of Creation came first not from the peoples of Nile or the Euraphrates valley but from this now submerged continent, Mu- Motherland of Man. Please note that it is being called Motherland and not Fatherland, as is usual with the cultural eliminators opposed to Dravidian viewpoints. In his book “ The Children of Mu” this scholar says, “ Sixty three million people lived on the now lost continent of Mu. Over 2,00,000 years ago.

 The children of Mu became the first influential people on earth…. America was one of the first colonies of Mu… Mu had an incredibly sophisticate government, flowering of culture and scientific technology.” Much of the Lemurian civilization lived in homes with transparent roofs. They were free from stress and disease lived to be hundreds of years old, developing their E.S.P abilities through nearly 40,000 years of societal practice and experimentation. With that many centuries of evolution, Lemurians gained their reputation or telepathy, astral travel and teleportation-making land vehicles unnecessary. They were primarily socially a vegetarian, agricultural, outdoor, organic culture that worked in harmony with nature and the land, having little use for scientific technology.”

It is to be noted that we always take it as a gospel, when it comes from the white man’s mouth. But we realize little that scholars like Devaneya Paavaanar are not among those who have lost their mental equilibrium nor they are nincompoops, but they are treasure troves of knowledge, which is a common good delivered to Tamil people. Speaking about Lemurian Tamils Paavaanar will trace the development of Tamil between 100,000 and 50,000 BC.Spencer Wells and his team of scientists have now found out that the first man originated before 60,000 years. We Tamils somehow have become addicted to the use of the phrase Two Thousand years old to claim a hoary past for our culture. Christian calendar alone cannot be the period of inception of the Dravidian culture. Millions of years ago what happened, we have to indulge in a quest, and not be satisfied with the accidental unearthing of the Indus Valley Civilization.

From Australia to Arizona there exists a mythological proof of the lost continent. To quote from a Hopi legend ‘ down on the bottom of the seas lie all the proud cities and the worldly treasures corrupted with evil. Faced with such disaster, some people hid inside the earth while the others escaped by crossing the ocean on reed rafts, using the islands as stepping-stones. The same story to escape to dry land appears in the Popul Vu epic of the Quiche Maya and the Modoc tribe near Mount Shasta among others.

“ According to the Rosicrucian’s of San Jose, California, the disastrous cycle began with volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and the collapse of the subterranean gas belts. Magnetic waves started moving around the globe, and Lemuria began to go under. Fortunately there was time enough for small groups to salvage part of Lemurias precious wisdom, which was stored in crystals. Some colonists reached India and from there Mesopotamia and Egypt, while others migrated eastwards on crude rafts to the Americas, forming the racial core of the earliest Indian tribes.

So it is not Silapathigaram alone, the stories of various tribes speak about the lost continent, and it is here, in the Indian Ocean south of Kanyakumari the National institute of Oceanography must engage in underwater archaeological quest to find out the cradle of the Dravidian civilization that spread from South to North encompassing the Indus valley and countries beyond.

The Super Continent of Gondwanaland was made up of South America, Africa, Antarctica, India and Australia.” Gondwanaland is named after the upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations of the Gondwanaland district of central India. which display a number of shared geologic features ( The Gondwana Beds). In the late nineteenth century, on the basis of comparative geological evidence, the Austrian geologist, Edward Stress suggested that the continents of Africa, South America, Australia and India were once part of a single super continent, which he called Gondwanaland.”

Alfred Wagener, known as the father of the theory of Continental drift, in his publication around 1912 said that “ looking at the global map it would appear that the continents could be brought together to fit like a jigsaw puzzle” Now everyone admits that the solid upper earth floats on asthenosphere, the lithosphere slips.

“The vast Himalayan range was created when a plate of the earth crust carrying the landmass of India collided with the plate carrying Asia some 45 million years ago having traveled 5000 kilometers nearly due north across the expanse now occupied by the Indian ocean’ opines D.P.Meckinzie and J, G.Sclater in their article “ The evolution of the Indian Ocean’. Apart from the literary evidences, when we look forward to understand the evolution of Dravidian civilization we will have to get answers over the puzzle about the Indian Ocean, wherein the cradle of the Dravidian civilizations remains buried.

Scholars say that” Many attempts have been made to guess precisely how south America, Africa, India, Antarctica and Australia were once joined to form the primitive continent known as Gondwanaland. There is as yet no general agreement as to how this should be done. The rift between Australia and Antarctica is good. The arrangement of all five major units however is controversial and the original position of Madagascar is unknown. The principal difficulty is that no magnetic lineation has yet been discovered on the older parts of the floor of the Indian Ocean between the continents. We therefore cannot continue to reassemble continents by the same methods we have used to trace the movement of India. During the past 75 million years. There is also no other structure like the Ninety East Ridge which was recognized as a transform fault even before the magnetic lineation were mapped. Fortunately, the area of the sea floor in which the record presumably lies hidden is not great. Last year a series of deep holes were drilled in the floor of the Indian Ocean by the drilling vessel” Glomar Challenger. The data from these holes have confirmed and amplified our reconstruction of the history of the ocean. They have also added to the evidence needed to reconstruct Gondwanaland”

“Meanwhile one can speculate about the original juxtapositions of India, Antarctica and Australia. One guess is that existing reconstructions are wrong because they have attempted to remove practically every piece of the ocean floor between the continents. That approach has been favoured because all continents believed to have formed the Gondwanaland show evidence of having been covered by a huge ice cap 270 million years ago. We know from recent glaciations in the Northern hemisphere that continental ice caps can simultaneously cover landmasses that are separated by oceans. It may be that a small ocean basin comparable perhaps to the artic Ocean, was nestled somewhere among the southern landmass 270 million years ago. It may be out of our ignorance of its existence and shape that is preventing the successful reconstruction of Gondwanaland “ This is how the Indian Ocean puzzle remains according to D.P.Meckenzie and J.G.Slater. And it is the duty of our government as well of nations that border within Indian Ocean must indulge in a joint search for answers to these puzzles. Unless the submerged Kumari Kandam is subjected to in depth study, it will be impossible to back up our literary evidences with scientific proofs, and the National Institute of Oceanography must be engaged to unravel these facts. While excavating Arikamedu, all efforts to look into the ocean floor near Pondicherry for further evidences is a must.

And let the quest to find the cradle of mankind as well as our homeland begin. Truth is awaiting us and we must march towards truth and in pursuance of truth all efforts must be made by Tamils all over the world apart from fighting falsehoods spread day in and day out , against Dravidian culture.

Na.Nandhivarman

General Secretary DRAVIDA PERAVAI

  

SACRIFICES OF TAMIL MARTYRS MUST NOT BE LOST

Remembering the 1965 Anti Hindi  Struggle

Kellapaluvur Chinnasamy, Kodambakkam Sivalingam

And Veerukkambakkam Aranganathan

'Thannai Velvan Tharani Velvan'

27 January 2008

"It is claimed that Hindi should be common language because it is spoken by the majority. Why should we then claim the tiger as our national animal instead of the rat which is so much more numerous? Or the peacock as our national bird when the crow is ubiquitous? ...A man had two dogs - a big one and a small one. He wanted his dogs to go in and out of the house freely without him having to keep the house door open all the time. So he built two "trap doors" - one big trap door for the big dog and one small for the small dog. Neighbors who saw these two doors laughed at him and called him an idiot. Why put a big door and a small door? All that was needed was the big door. Both the big and the small dog could use it! Indian government's arguments for making Hindi the official or link language of India is as ridiculous as the need for a big door and a small door for the big dog and the small dog. Indian government agrees that English is needed for communication with the world, and every school in India teaches English after the fifth grade. Then the Indian government says that all of us should know Hindi also in order to communicate amongst ourselves within India. I ask, "Since every school in India teaches English, why it can’t be our link language? Why do Tamils have to study English for communication with the world and Hindi for communications within India? Do we need a big door for the big dog and a small door for the small dog? I say, let the small dog use the big door too!"  C N Annadurai, 1962

 Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891-1970 Sumathi Ramaswamy - It was a quiet, cool January dawn in the South-Indian city of Tiruchirapalli in the year 1964. A can in his hand, a man named Chinnasami left his home—leaving behind his aging mother, young wife, and infant daughter—and walked to the city’s railway station. On reaching there, he doused himself with its contents and set himself on fire, shouting out aloud, “inti olika! tamiḻ vālka!” (Death to Hindi! May Tamil flourish!). Chinnasami’s example was not lost. A year later, to the date, history repeated itself but not necessarily as farce: five other men burned themselves alive “at the altar of Tamil.” Three others died just as painfully—not in a raging blaze, but by swallowing insecticide—also for the sake of Tamil, they declared in their own last words...]

I am enclosing in pdf format a Digital Banner which Dravida Peravai party men in Coimbatore, Sivagangai and other Districts are planning to display in Karaikal on 25 January 2008.

The Karaikal Union Territory Struggle Group will hold meetings to recall the sacrifices of numerous Tamil scholars, DMK cadres and leaders, Union Ministers of Congress including C.Subramanian and O.V.Alagesan who resigned in protest, and the brave youth who committed self immolation in the Anti Hindi Struggle of January 1965.

The hunt for collecting pictures of all martyrs proved to be a daunting task. In the whole world LTTE alone sets a trend of honouring all its martyrs.

 Even in the Indian freedom struggle such nobility which impels us to accord due recognition to all martyrs seems to be absent. The victory was laid at the doors of Mahatma Gandhi. Though they played a greater role, there is no equal recognition of the sacrifices of Indian National Army led by Nethaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

The 562 princely states were welded into an Union by the Iron Man of India Sardar Vallababhai Patel, whose services too were not given due recognition in the hurry to focus limelight on Lord Mountbatten backed Premier Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, whom Aringnar Anna used to call as the last democrat in Congress party.

If even that last democrat did not give due recognition to many leaders like Nethaji or VOC, this is not the time to compile a list. It is simply to point out the significance of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam paying homage to all its martyrs in Maaveerar Thuyilimidangal. There are monuments to the Unknown soldiers of Second World War and Kargil War, but these are nowhere like the memorials established by the LTTE where every live sacrificed is recognized.

Given all this, I was moved to recall the sacrifices of the martyrs of the 1965 Anti Hindi Agitation in an appropriate banner.

I asked a painter to prepare a portrait of Sinnasamy, Sivilingam and Aranganathan, the three of those who sacrificed their lives in the pictures I got from my old collection of Murasoli papers. The others were Ayyampalayam Veerappan, Keranoor Muthu, Mayavaram Sarangapani and Satyamangalam Muthu.

From the book Struggle for Freedom of Languages in India written by former Vice Chancellor of Alagappa University and released by Dr.Kalaignar M.Karunanithi just few months before he last became Chief Minister, I obtained the photographs of all the 6 martyrs who committed self immolation. Their pictures are in the top of the banner.

All the pictures of the student leaders who led the struggle including L.Ganesan, P.Srinivasan who defeated Kamaraj, Kalimuthu, Durai Murugan, Sasikala's husband M.Nadarajan and I with others are also in the banner. Poet Perumchithranar, Peraringnar Deveneya Pavanar, K.A.P.Viswanatham, and some of such scholars are in the banner though Maraimalaiadigal and others are left out. Kalaignar was imprisoned under National Security Act and put in solitary confinement at Palayamkottai prison. Aringnar Anna who visited his cell saw writing in the wall of the entrance which read Thannai Velvan Tharani Velvan. Anna wrote his letter to Thambikku with that phrase as title.

Dravida Peravai had broken away from DMK in 1994 on the Eelam issue, at the same time as when Vaiko parted company. But we will not forget Kalaignar's sacrifices, that is why we have put the photograph of his struggle to rename Dalmiapuram back to its original Tamil name Kallakidi.

On 9 January1965, Professor C.Ilakuvanar who was to have started Thamizh Urimai Perunadai, a marathon walk to Chennai to press for Tamil medium of instruction, was arrested under National Security Act and lost his job. I should have accompanied him, but due to his arrest I had to cancel before I could start to Madurai.

After DMK came to power there was a delay in his reinstatement. At the 1968 Anti Hindi Conference organized at Kodaikanal by Raja Mohammad and Sedapatti Muthiah,  students trying to pass a resolution condemning the Tamil Nadu Government. Aringnar Anna, the Chief Minister who came to address the conference asked for the proposed resolutions and while reading searched for a pen, which I gave since I was sitting in the back. Anna wrote something. While he spoke what he wrote was revealed. He said "Thambis have forgotten that he is annan, that is why on the Ilakuvanar issue they are going to pass a resolution. But before coming to Kodaikanal orders to reinstate Professor Ilakuvanar had already been issued". At Anna's announcement there was thunderous applause.

That Professor Ilakuvanar's picture is in the banner. Scientist G.D.Naidu organized Non Hindi States Conference at Coimbatore on 25-26 January 1969 where I also spoke in my capacity as Student DMK leader from Puducherry State.

In one banner we have tried to bring all these historical events. Having said everything I must point out that in the banner I have referred to UNESCO recognition of the Bangladeshi struggle and celebrating world mother languages day on that day. The failure of Tamils to tell the world about the sacrifices in the Anti Hindi 1965 struggle led to Tamil losing that honour.

Since the banner is meant to be carried if I go abroad, the names in English scanned from the English book remains in English.

It is my appeal to all Tamils to add whatever they know and use this banner editing it according to their taste and inputs in their hand, and the ultimate aim of all of us should be to honour the memory of the Tamil martyrs in the 1965 anti Hindi imperialism Struggle

http://www.tamilnation.org/forum/nandivarman/080127hindi.htm

MODEL MOU FOR SIDDHA CLINICAL TRIALS

SIDDHA CLINICAL TRIALS THROUGH JIPMER
ALMOST READY MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING

[ First party absconded so  looking for Fresh Qualified Doctors to Pursue from where it got struck up ]             N.Nandhivarman

            This Memorandum of Understanding is executed on this day, ------ of ------2016 BY and BETWEEN……………………………….. (hereinafter referred to as the First Parry) on the one part,

            And the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry represented by its Medical Superintendent (hereinafter referred to as the Second Party) on the other, witnesseth as under.

            WHEREAS, the ………………. research in Bio Nano Science, Nano drug design, Nano drug delivery for Cancer.

            WHEREAS, Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry (Second Party) is an Institution providing Medical Education and has Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology along with maternity ward facilities,

            WHEREAS, the ……………………………….. undertaken to initiate Breast Cancer clinical trials at the premises of the Second Party to accomplish the objectives of the AYUSH Ministry national Program on Breast Cancer Cure and Control.

            WHEREAS, to ensure smooth clinical trial for breast cancer at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, both the First Party and the Second Party have at an understanding and have resolved to reduce in writing the broad outlines thereof, NOW THEREFORE, this Memorandum of Understanding witnesseth as here under.

1.      The Second Party may provide adequate patients and space to carry out the clinical trials and the minimum required facility in this regard shall be under.

a)     One Room measuring 15’ ×10’ feet for early diagnosis with sound treated facility based room near maternity ward

b)     One 10’ × 10’ feet electrically isolated room for Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

2.      The First Party  shall recruit two posts – Siddha Physician (1 No.) and Siddha Pharmacist (1 NO.) on contract basis to work at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry.  Salary would be paid to those staff from (First Party) on submission of monthly attendance statement in the prescribed format duly signed by the NBS-Coordinator of the Second Party.

3.      First Party) shall procure the equipments like OAE Screener, AEP equipment, Immittance meter, Sound field audiometer (on each) and other tools / equipment required for the New Born Screening Programme and arrange to deliver the same to Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry.

4.      The First Party shall also make available funds for the Second Party for purchase of furniture, spare & accessories, stationary / consumable materials and to meet other expenditure of NBS programme by allocation and release of grant-in-aid required in a financial year,

5.      The Second Party may nominate / designate one of the regular staff members to supervise and monitor the screening activities by maintaining good rapport with the Coordinator designated by the First Party.

6.      The Second Party may maintain and open a separate bank account for accounting the receipt of grants released / and other funds received and payments made / expenditure incurred in connection with the screening activities and shall also make available the related account books, vouchers, files etc., for inspection either by the First Party or Ministry of AYUSH Govt. of India.  The bank account so opened shall be operated by any two among Dean & Director, NBS – Coordinator and any other, officer appointed or / nominated by the First Party / Second Party.

7.      The Second Party may maintain the stock registers in respect of equipments procured by the First Party and furniture, spare and accessories, stationery and other materials purchased by Second Party for carrying out the screening activities and produce for verification, as and when required.

8.      The Second Party may make a regular employee responsible / in-charge for maintenance of the stock registers by entering the details and conduct and annual physical stock verification of such equipments and send the report to ………………

9.       The Second Party may submit periodically statement of accounts along with Utilization Certificate in the prescribed format for the funds released by the First Party, as and when required.

10.  The Second Party may abide by any other guidelines / directions / instructions that may be given by the First Party from time to time for efficient and smooth implementation of Breast Cancer Clinical Trials.

11.  All the disputes arising out of the said agreement will be settled in accordance with the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1996 and failing which the matter shall be taken up to the appropriate courts within the jurisdiction of Pondicherry.

12.  The Contract can be terminated by either party by giving one month notice.

13.  The agreement once entered is subject to approval of the GB/IB of the Institute.

14.  The Second Party (JIPMER) may intimate any time that is inability to comply the directions of providing manpower, resource support.  The first party has to abide by the information and provide the alternative.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both the parties have set their hands to this Memorandum of Understanding at Puducherry onthis  2015 in the presence of under mentioned witnesses..

INDIAN SIDDHA SCIENTISTS URGE THAILAND TO PROMOTE SIDDHA CURE

Thailand was said to be  ruled by a Divine blessed RAMA IX  who was urged when he was alive to come forward for a collaboration for Clinical Trials in Cure of Breast Cancer d Colon Cancer, through the nano-compound medicines prepared by Tamil Siddha Scientists and Doctorates from  India.

Tamil the oldest classical language had been enriched by grammarians, poets, saints, singers and scholars at various periods of Tamil literary history. Special classification of some of the epoch making times in Literature such as Sangam Literature, Bhakthi Literature, Siddhar Literature, Modern Literature and even Post-Modern Literature illuminates this living classical language. But of these Siddhar Literature is the least discussed in scholarly world. But its glory is hidden in poems written in twilight language.

The grievance that all Siddhar poems were yet to be compiled in complete collections echoed in sixties of last century remains alive even in 21^st century. Collection of Palm leaf texts made by Thanjai Tamil University or Saraswathy Mahal library in India are yet to be deciphered and the hidden meaning of preparation of medicines that can cure incurable diseases have to be highlighted before the scholarly world globally.

Apart from that all these palm leaf texts needs to be digitized. Even books that had been published have yet to see re-print or lost in the ravages of times in many homes and those publications that brought out such rare books have downed their shutters. During colonial period many palm leaf texts fortunately have been taken to foreign countries, where it has been preserved in various archives. Western world had invented and patented many medicines made by using the intellectual property of Tamil Siddhars. Even a History of such Cross Cultural Travel on Indigenous Knowledge had yet to be written.

TAMIL SIDDHAR’s PHILOSOPHY

In this century there is keen awareness to debate discuss and deliberate on Siddhar Literature.

 Former President of India Dr.Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan wrote two volumes on Indian Philosophy. In terms of philosophical world view the world [matteror nature] is everything that exists outside the world of and independently from man, while man is part of the world. But man is a very special part of it, one that thinks and cognizes the whole of which it is a part and transforms it in accordance with its own social nature and the level of knowledge acquired. The relation between this part and whole determines, in the finalanalysis, the entire specificity of philosophical problems, the relations between being and thinking, between object and subject, matter and consciousness, nature and spirit, nature and society, society and man etc. Tamil Siddhar’s philosophy and its thought stream derived from our One World i.e Vasudeva Kudumbam in Sanskrit and One Creed One God , the quotable quote of Tamil Saint Thirumoolar.

So in this background the Mystical Aspects of Alphabets be it in Sanskrit and Tamil needs deepest research and comparison. Etymological study and Comparative Linguistics must unravel the mystery of the mystical aspects in Tamil language or in classical languages of humanity.

 Mystical Aspects of Tamil Alphabets, the Hidden Truths expressed in Twilight Language or Sandyabasha as said in Sanskrit holds key to cure of many incurable diseases that confront humanity today.The debate over numbers of Siddhars ,whether it should be limited to 18 or include all Siddhars in Tamil Language and trace at the roots of their source in all India perspective whether Bengal influences or North Indian influences enriched Siddhar traditions be undertaken.

The interaction between Tamil and Chinese medicines be comparatively analysed by various Universities since two of Tamil Siddhars Bhogar and Pulipaani are by some scholars claimed to be of Chinese origins.

Since as Visiting Researcher atPondicherry University in India I am doing research on the  Hindu–Buddhist-Jain connections to Siddhar Literature, the cultural exchange between India and China and South East Asia where the Martial arts, Medicines, Yoga systems show striking similarity and cross cultural connectivity titled Siddhar Literature in the Historical Perspective with Scientific Outlook.Tamil Chinese- Buddhist connectivity and Tamil-Jain contributions to Tamil Literature should be focussed and quest to place history on the basis of truth is need of the hour.

Humanity had craved for disease free world and various medical systems evolved in various cultures be it Arabic or Chinese or Sanskrit or Tamil cultures. And there are hidden truths about inventions in every culture. From Thirumoolar’s Yoga to Chinese Falun Dafa yoga similarities have to be studied. We intend to generate awareness on Universal Man and Universal Vision of Tamil Siddhars to redeem humanity from illness of body and mind and inculcate in minds aspirations beyond galaxies.

Based on Karuwoorar's table of 18 Pathinen Sidhars

[mentioned in his work AttamaaSiddhi]

 1.Kumbamuni, 2.Nandimuni, 3.Gorakkar, 4.Pulipani, 5.Pusundarishi, 6.Thirumoolar,7.Theyraiyar, 8.Yugimuni, 9.Machamuni, 10.Pon_nakeesar, 11.Idaikaadar, 12.Poonaikannar, 13.Sivavakkiyar, 14.Chandikesar, 15.Romarishi, 16.Sattanathar, 17.Kaalangi, 18.Bohar

Nijaa_Nantha Botham's List of Pathinen Sidhars ....

1.Agathiyar, 2.Bohar, 3.Nandeesar, 4.Punnakeesar, 5.Karuwoorar, 6.Sundaranandar, 7.Anandar, 8.Konkanar, 9.Bramma muni, 10.Romamuni, 11.Vaasamuni, 12.Amalamuni, 13.Kamalamuni, 14.Gorakkar, 15.sattaimuni, 16.Machamuni, 17.Idaikaadar, 18.Brammamuni

Periya Gnaana Kovai's List of Sidhars ....

1.Agathiyar, 2.Agapeyi, 3.Alhukannar, 4.Idaikkadar 5.Kamalamuni, 6.Karuwoorar, 7.Kaalanginaathar, 8.Konkanar, 9.Gorakkar, 10.Sattanaathar, 11.Sundaranandar, 12.Danvanthiri, 13.Thirumoolar, 14.Theyraiyar, 15.Nandi, 16.Pathanjali, 17.Paambatti, 18.Punnakeesar, 19.Pulathiyaar, 20.PoonaiKananaar, 21.Bohar, 22.Machamuni, 23.Vaamadevar, 24.Vanmeekar

Abithana Chintamani's List of Pathinen Sidhars ....

1.Agathiyar, 2.Bohar, 3.Gorakkar, 4.Kailasanaathar, 5.Sattaimuni, 6.Thirumoolar, 7.Nandi, 8.Koonkannar, 9.Konganar, 10.Machamuni, 11.Vaasamuni, 12.Koormamuni, 13.Kamalamuni, 14.Idaikaadar, 15.Sundaranandar, 16.Pon_Naakeesar, 17.Romarishi, 18.Brammamuni

Navanaatha sidhargal, from north india

Sathya naathar, Sathoga naathar, Aathi Naathar, Veyguli Naathar, MathangaNaathar, Machendra Naathar, Katenthra Naathar, Anaathi Naathar, Gorakka naathar.

Other Sidhars ( listed & nonlisted...)

1 Thirumoolar 2 Kalanginathar 3 Agathiyar 4 Machamuni 5 Sattaimuni 6 Aluguni_sidhar  7 Idaikkadar 8 Pattinathaar 9 Kamalamuni 10 Pampatti_sidhar 11 Sattainathar 12 Pon_Naakeesar 13 Nandidevar 14 Pulippani 15 Bhogar 16 Karuwoorar 17 Kudambai_sidhar 18 Agappeysidhar 19 Konganavar 20 Kaduveli_sidhar 21 Gorakkar 22 Ramadevar 23 Kaudambar 24 Theyraiyar 25 Kaakaiyar 26 Pulattiyar 27 kaagapusundar 28 Sivavakkiyar 29 Kumbamuni 30 Brammadevar 31 Danvantiri 32 Kannisidhar 33 Kasyapar 34 Pujandar 35 Naradanar 36 Vyasar 37 Sundarar 38 Markkandar 39 Pulattiyar 40 Datchanamurthi 41 Kaubalasidhar 42 Sothimamuni 43 Damaraganar 44 Sundaranandar 45 Urvasiyal (woman) 46 Arivanandar 47 Subramaniar 48 Yogimuni 49 Diranakkiyamuni 50 Chandeesu_varar 51 Kakakandar 52 Mulatisar 53Valmeegar/ Valmeegi 54 Nandeesar 55 Jothimunivar 56 Damarakar 57 Viswamithrar 58 Kalakandarisi 59 Jamadakkini 60 Diranakkiya_munivar 61 kondeesar 62 Tirumoolavarkkam 63 Idaikaadar 64. Mular 65. Vara_Risi 66 Muth_theesar 67 Naaval_Marathadiyar 68 Moongil_adiyar 69 Vasistar

The Siddha tradition believes that there are more than 210 divine masters ,who, along with their disciples keep taking birth as divine incarnations in different times and different places around the world constantly to keep up with the changing humanity needs and effecting change.

For instance, Jesus Christ is said to have been Siddhar Pullipani having reincarnated. Jesus Christ have been to india, and have been with many Sidhars, especially with Sidhar Amaravathy Atrangarai Karuwoorar

Lao Tzu was claimed by Siddhar Bhogar to have been one of his incarnations. ::

Jainism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam... were all given by different divine masters/ Sidhars. All the Literature given by Sidhars, as paadal (songs),manuscripts& Holy Inscriptions which render solutions to the unsolved miseries of mankind.

Thus Hinduism is a 'way of life' designed by 18 Pathinen Sidhars.

Tamil Siddhar Scientists  Palm Leaf Texts-Rare books had read the hidden meaning in the twilight language used my Siddhars, whom the westerners call as mystics and men of medicine.

LITERARY EVIDENCES FOR MEDICINES PROPOSED IN THIS PROJECT 

Tamilmaamani Awardee of Pondicherry Government 2009 : N.Nandhivarman

Much before the scholars of the western world, in India we have scaled greater heights in many fields of Science but all knowledge is being mostly confined to our mother tongues and remain buried in the sands of history. One such achievement of Tamil language is the compilation of THESAURUS millennium before the word Thesaurus was coined in English Language.And Tamil Siddhar Bhoganathar alias Bogar is a great scientist who wrote Bogar Nigandu 1200 [ Bogar Thesaurus 1200] . Our project aims to produce drugs for clinical trials to cure breast cancer based on this thesaurus.

The writings of Boganathar, the greatest scientist of Siddha tradition have been translated into English and a useful commentary on these profound and difficult texts has been rendered. The translation of Poems of Bogar with commentary [ book page 194 ] reads like follows : “ I wrote with pride the seven cantos to disseminate, I wrote a glossary to attain vettaveli, apart from writing the topmost seven hundred and odd aphorisms. I gathered together a glossary of six tens and seven hundred, I wrote mantras of Yoga. I wrote the pattern for the diction and signification of words. I wrote the formula for performing the mantras, to maintain and stabilize the Yoga called Vaci “ Glossary of six tens and 7 hundred terms , is a reference to 60 X 700= 42000 terms of glossary called NIGANDU in Tamil.

We have relied upon the Tamil version of Bogar Nigandu 1200 pages 212 verses 780 to 783 for the preparation of Rasa parpam to be used in our clinical trials.

In general usage, a thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary, which provides definitions for words, and generally lists them in alphabetical order. The main purpose of such reference works is to help the user "to find the word, or words, by which [an] idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed" – to quote Peter Mark Roget, architect of the best known thesaurus in the English language.

Although including synonyms, a thesaurus should not be taken as a complete list of all the synonyms for a particular word. The entries are also designed for drawing distinctions between similar words and assisting in choosing exactly the right word. Unlike a dictionary, a thesaurus entry does not give the definition of words.

In library science and information science thesauri have been widely used to specify domain models. Recently, thesauri have been implemented with Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)

Etymology The word "thesaurus" is derived from 16th-century New Latin, in turn from Latin thēsaurus, which is the Latinisation of the Greek θησαυρός (thēsauros), "treasure, treasury, storehouse".^[2] The word thēsauros is of uncertain etymology. Douglas Harper derives it from the root of the Greek verb τιθέναι tithenai, "to put, to place."^[2] Robert Beekes rejected an Indo-European derivation and suggested a Pre-Greek suffix *-ar^wo-.

From the 16th to the 19th centuries, the term "thesaurus" was applied to any dictionary or encylopedia, as in the Thesaurus linguae latinae (1532), and the Thesaurus linguae graecae (1572). The meaning "collection of words arranged according to sense" is first attested in 1852 in Roget's title and thesaurer is attested in Middle English for "treasurer"

History

Peter Mark Roget, author of the first thesaurus.

In antiquity, Philo of Byblos authored the first text that could now be called a thesaurus. In Sanskrit, the Amarakosha is a thesaurus in verse form, written in the 4th century.

The first modern thesaurus was Roget's Thesaurus, first compiled in 1805 by Peter Mark Roget, and published in 1852. Since its publication it has never been out of print and is still a widely used work across the English-speaking world Entries in Roget's Thesaurus are listed conceptually rather than alphabetically. Roget described his thesaurus in the foreword to the first edition:

It is now nearly fifty years since I first projected a system of verbal classification similar to that on which the present work is founded. Conceiving that such a compilation might help to supply my own deficiencies, I had, in the year 1805, completed a classed catalogue of words on a small scale, but on the same principle, and nearly in the same form, as the Thesaurus now published.

Scientists Have Developed a Map of Where the Brain Processes Different Words

The new discovery may eventually give voice to people who have lost the ability to speak.By Rachel Dicker | Associate Editor, Social Media April 29, 2016.

The brain is incredibly complex and mysterious.Just one layer of understanding unveils hundreds of new questions.Such is the case in a study published in Nature that revealed a "semantic atlas" of the human brain. An interactive version of the atlas is available online.

Researchers at the University of California - Berkeley studied the brains of seven native English speakers as they listened to a podcast of the Moth Radio Hour. Then, they mapped out which areas of the brain lit up in response to hearing different words in different contexts.

  

This is What Your Brain Looks Like on LSD

They found that words are grouped in certain areas of the brain based on their relative meanings, and they also discovered where these groups are housed.

For example, in the right temporal parietal junction, in an area a few millimetres in width, words like "wife," "pregnant," and "mother" were processed, and an area just adjacent to it processed some of the same social words, as well as some related ones having to do with people and places, such as "house" and "owner."

“The similarity in semantic topography across different subjects is really surprising,” said study lead author Alex Huth, a postdoctoral researcher in neuroscience at UC Berkeley, in a press release.

It's a potential breakthrough for people who have lost the ability to speak. If scientists are able to map out where the brain processes words – and that map is relatively uniform – they may be able to help people suffering from ALS or victims of stroke be understood through technology.

“Although the maps are broadly consistent across individuals, there are also substantial individual differences,” said study senior author Jack Gallant, a UC Berkeley neuroscientist, in the release. “We will need to conduct further studies across a larger, more diverse sample of people before we will be able to map these individual differences in detail.”

II. THE SECOND MEDICINE WE PROPOSE FOR CLINICAL TRIAL

The second medicine we propose to clinical test is based on the formulations of Ramadevar alias Yacob. In his book VAITHIYA SINTHAMANI 700 first published in 1996 and second edition by Thamarai Publications in 2008, in page 238 the preparations of Vagara Vanga Senthuram is mentioned. Verse 475 is of relevance to our research.

III. THIRD MEDICINE FOR CLINICAL TRIAL

The book preserved at Archives of Tamilnadu published in 1903 titled : Pulasthiar Vaatha Soothiram, Gnana Karpan, Thiruvalluvar Parimuppu Soothiram published first in 1995, and third edition is out by Thamarai Publications page 73 speaks on Valai Rasa Pathangam in verses 257 to 267. This medicine we propose for clinical trial.

Same book page 10 : Another medicine Sandarasa parpam is being mentioned in verse 5 to 22. Same book page 14 : Another medicine Vaalai rasa mezhugu is mentioned from verse 23 to 34.

Siddha medicine is closely associated with Alchemy since it has a chemical process. Hence one of our Co-Investigator is a Doctorate in Chemistry.

Alchemy is called vagara markam in Tamil. There is a treatise Agasthiar Karma Kandam which tells diseases to be direct consequences of past misdeeds of a man or woman. There is an ancient Tamil text called Sura-nool, a treatise on fevers. Based on the position of planets and stars one gets fevers, this astronomical view point is stressed in this book.

  

“ The Siddhas used the following four methods for obtaining perfect knowledge in respect of health and disease. They are 1. Scriptural Testimony 2. Perception or Direct Observation 3. Inference 4. Reasoning or experimental confirmation . By applying these 4 yardsticks they were able to give appropriate description of 500 diseases. Botanical and pharmacological knowledge of more than 2000 drugs of herbal origins. Detailed description of the method of purification and oxidation of 150 drugs of mineral and metallic origins for internal use. Preventive and promotive aspects of health care in different seasons and at different places writes T.N.Ganapathy of Yofa Siddha Research Center.

THE LITERARY EVIDENCES FOR BREAST CANCER CURE IS GIVEN HERE. IN THE METHODOLOGY AND PROTOCAL IN SEPARATE CHAPTER

WE HAVE GIVEN THE MEDICINE AND METHODOLOGY OF CURE.

I.                  EFFICACY OF RASA SUNNAM, VAGARA VANGA SENDURAM AND KOSIGAR KUZHAMBU THE SIDDHA MEDICINES IN CARCINOMA OF BREAST

II.               WE HAVE PRESCRIBED THE MEDICINES FOR COLON CANCER 

EFFICACY OF POORA MEZHUGU, RASA PARPAM AND POORNACHANDROTHAYAM THE SIDDHA MEDICINES IN CARCINOMA OF COLON

Literary evidences will be provided shortly. We want Thailand to promote Medical Tourism in its soil, and to collaborate with us in clinical trials for both Breast Cancer and Colon Cancer to begin with.

We hope for a longstanding relationship to prove to the West that East has answers to many anxieties of the West .

N.NANDHIVARMAN